Cancer
What is cancer? Cancer is a class of diseases or illnesses characterized by uncontrolled division of cells and the capability of these cells to invade other tissues, either by growth to adjacent tissue via invasion or by implantation into distant sites by metastasis (spread of cancer from its primary sites to other places). Metastasis is defined as the stage in which cancer cells are transported via the bloodstream or lymphatic system. The risk of this disease enhances with age, although it may influence people at all ages. There are a lot types of cancer, but the severity of symptoms may vary and depend on the site and character of the malignancy and if whether or not there is metastasis. To diagnose the disease usually requires the histologic examination of tissue by a pathologist. The tissue is obtained by biopsy or surgery. Depending on the clear cut type, location and stage of a cancer, the bulk can usually be treated. Damage to DNA causes the unregulated growth that characterizes cancer, resulting in mutations to genes that encode for proteins controlling cell division. Many mutation occurrences entail the transformation of a common cell into a malignant cell. These mutations can be caused by chemicals or physical agents called carcinogens, by close exposure to radioactive materials, or by certain viruses that can insert their DNA into human genome. Germ line mutations are passed down to generations. Once a person is diagnosed of the disease, treatments would usually be a combination of surgery, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy. With modern research and developments, treatments of the disease are becoming more clear cut for the type of cancer pathology. There are now many of drugs that target clear cut cancers. If this disease is untreated, it may ultimately cause sickness and death, though it's not always the case. Many forms of cancer are linked with a person's exposure to environmental reasons such as tobacco smoke, radiation, alcohol and certain viruses. Although some of these can be avoided, there is no known procedure or technique to avoid the disease. Public health and vaccination programs also play an necessary role on a global scale. |
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